2017年1月6日 星期五

English Children's Literature week 8

ÀMother Goose
The figure of Mother Goose is the imaginary author of a collection of fairy tales and nursery rhymes often published as (Old) Mother Goose's Rhymes. As a character, she appears in one nursery rhyme. A Christmas pantomime called Mother Goose is often performed in the United Kingdom. The so-called "Mother Goose" rhymes and stories have formed the basis for many classic British pantomimes. Mother Goose is generally depicted in literature and book illustration as an elderly country woman in a tall hat and shawl, a costume identical to the peasant costume worn in Wales in the early 20th century, but is sometimes depicted as a goose (usually wearing a bonnet).




         †Mother Goose as nursery rhymes
John Newbery was once believed to have published a compilation of English nursery rhymes entitled Mother Goose's Melody, or, Sonnets for the cradle some time in the 1760s, but the first edition was probably published in 1780 or 1781 by Thomas Carnan, one of Newbery's successors. This edition was registered with the Stationers' Company in 1780. However, no copy has been traced, and the earliest surviving edition is dated 1784. The name "Mother Goose" has been associated in the English-speaking world with children's poetry ever since.

öNursery rhyme
A nursery rhyme is a traditional poem or song for children in Britain and many other countries, but usage of the term only dates from the late 18th/early 19th century. In North America the term Mother Goose Rhymes, introduced in the mid-18th century, is still often used.
From the mid-16th century they begin to be recorded in English plays, and most popular nursery rhymes date from the 17th and 18th centuries. The first English collections, Tommy Thumb's Song Book and a sequel, Tommy Thumb's Pretty Song Book, were published before 1744. John Newbery's compilation of English rhymes, Mother Goose's Melody, or, Sonnets for the Cradle (London, c. 1765), is the first record we have of many classic rhymes, still in use today




Teddy Bear, Teddy Bear, Turn Around | Nursery Rhymes for Kids and Children | Baby Song Dave and Ava

öCharles Perrault
Charles Perrault was a French author and member of the Académie Française. He laid the foundations for a new literary genre, the fairy tale, with his works derived from pre-existing folk tales. The best known of his tales include Le Petit Chaperon Rouge (Little Red Riding Hood), Cendrillon (Cinderella), Le Chat Botté (Puss in Boots), La Belle au bois Dormant (The Sleeping Beauty), and Barbe Bleue (Bluebeard).

´Hush, Little Baby
Hush, little baby, don't say a word,
Mama's going to buy you a mockingbird.
If that mockingbird won't sing,
Mama's going to buy you a diamond ring.
If that diamond ring turns brass,
Mama's going to buy you a looking glass.
If that looking glass gets broke,
Mama's going to buy you a billy goat.
If that billy goat won't pull,
Mama's going to buy you a cart and bull.
If that cart and bull turn over,
Mama's going to buy you a dog named Rover.
If that dog named Rover won't bark,
Mama's going to buy you a horse and cart.
If that horse and cart fall down,
You'll still be the sweetest little boy in town.
So hush little baby, don't you cry,
Daddy loves you and so do I.


öTeddy bear

A teddy bear is a soft toy in the form of a bear. Developed apparently simultaneously by toymakers Morris Michtom in the U.S. and Richard Steiff in Germany in the early years of the 20th century, and named after President Theodore "Teddy" Roosevelt, the teddy bear became an iconic children's toy, celebrated in story, song, and film. Since the creation of the first teddy bears which sought to imitate the form of real bear cubs, "teddies" have greatly varied in form, style and material.                                                                                                                                  

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       QUIZ of to kill the Mockingbird
1
The narrator of the story is _____.
Jem
Dill
Boo
Scout
2
The first chapter focuses on telling stories. This primarily serves to:
Make the story appealing to a younger audience
Tie each of the individual characters to their family and history
Lengthen the novel
Mimic the random thoughts in Scout's mind
3
Scout and Jem are how old when the novel begins? (respectively)
9 and 13
5 and 8
8 and 12
6 and 10
4
What is the reason for the author's choice of a young narrator?
To allow the story to be presented by someone who cannot take an active role
To allow the narrator to mature as the story progresses
To remove moral bias from the story
All of the above
5
Superstition causes the children to be afraid of which family's house?
Finch
Robinson
Harris
Radley
6
Scout is unusual for a first grader because:
She is taller than all the other children
She can read and write
She speaks a foreign language
She can outrun all the boys
7
The school setting in the second chapter allows Lee to:
Introduce the reader to the various families, as well as their peculiarities, in Maycomb county
Show the general disrespect that children have for authority
Denounce the segregation of blacks and whites
Blame the education system for the incidents which follow in the novel
8
How much time do the Ewell children spend in school?
The first day of every school year
Through the sixth grade
Through college
None
9
The Ewell family is
Highly respected in town
A family of both black and white people
Supportive of equal rights for all races
One of the poorest, least educated families in Maycomb
10
Walter Cunningham surprises Scout in which of the following ways?
He failed to pass first grade due to his having to leave to work on the farm
He discusses farming in a very mature way with Atticus
He pours molasses onto his food
All of the above
11
What items to Scout and Jem take from the knot-hole in one of the oak trees in the Radley's front yard?
Pennies
Gum
both Gum and Pennies
None of the above
12
What activity do Dill, Scout and Jem frequently like to play with respect to the Radley family?
They all run into the Radley yard and touch the house before fleeing
They all role tires into the yard
They all pretend to be various members of the Radley family and act out the stabbing scene
None of the above
13
When Jem and Dill start to exclude Scout from their activities, with whom does she spend more time?
Calpurnia
Boo Radley
Atticus
Maudie Atkinson
14
What do Jem, Dill and Scout do that causes Mr. Radley to shoot at them?
He catches them once again play-acting Boo Radley stabbing his father
Jem accidentally hits the Radley house while practicing with his new gun
He catches them stealing money that has been hidden in a tree in his yard
They sneak into the Radley yard and try to peak into a window
15
Mr. Radley's plugging up the knot-hole best symbolizes which of the following?
The sealing off of generosity
The withdrawal of Boo Radley from society forever
The futile attempt to prolong life by patching up deadly wounds
The loss of childhood pleasures and the transition to adulthood responsibilities
16
Which two characters are the "outcasts" of the novel, maligned by Maycomb society?
Calpurnia and Aunt Alexandra
Jem and Scout
Boo Radley and Maudie Atkinson
Boo Radley and Tom Robinson
17
After Atticus Finch agrees to defend Tom Robinson, what does Scout hear at school?
Atticus is "a nigger lover"
Atticus is "a racist"
Atticus is "a coward"
Atticus is "an immigrant"
18
For Christmas, Jem and Scout receive what presents while staying with their Uncle Jack?
Air rifles
Puppies
Gum
Pennies
19
Aunt Alexandra's grandson Francis calls Atticus a "nigger-lover"; how does Scout react?
She punches him in the mouth
She stays silent, exactly as Atticus had ordered her to
She screams at him and waits until the adults arrive
She runs away
20
Why does Atticus know that he will lose his case with Tom Robinson?
Because the judge is biased
Because the Ewells are well respected in the town
Because Tom actually committed the rape, and everyone in the town knows it
Because it is the word of a black man against a white man, and the jury will listen to the white man
21
What is the best reason for why Atticus accepts a case that he knows he will lose?
To raise a furor within the town of Maycomb
Because he is befriended with the Robinson family
To maintain his conscience and his integrity
Because he needs the money
22
Which of the following are parallels in the novel?
Atticus and Scout fighting communal tradition to maintain their individual identities
Tom Robinson and Boo Radley being ostracized by society
Both Atticus and Scout fighting communal tradition and Tom and Boo being ostracized
None of the above
23
When Jem and Scout get their air guns, what does Atticus tell them it is a sin to shoot?
Bluebirds
Dogs
Tin cans
A mockingbird
24
Atticus' role in shooting the rabid dog best foreshadows what future role that he will assume?
His role in putting down the mob that wants to lynch Tom Robinson
His status as a single father to Scout and Jem
His role as being a defender of the truth for the entire community
None of the above
25
Which character is most like a mockingbird in the metaphorical sense?
Tom Robinson
Boo Radley
Atticus Finch
Scout Finch
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          

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